2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum

    Add links
    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum
    Late 2023[a][1]
    A Proposed Law: To alter the Constitution to recognise the First Peoples of Australia by establishing an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice.
    Do you approve this proposed alteration?
    Coat of Arms of Australia.svg
    Aboriginal and
    Torres Strait Islander Voice

    The 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum will ask voters to approve an alteration to the Australian constitution, creating the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice to represent Indigenous Australians to the parliament and federal government on matters of Indigenous affairs.[2] The referendum, prepared by the National Indigenous Australians Agency and conducted by the Australian Electoral Commission, will be held sometime between October and December 2023.[3][4][1]

    The referendum question and proposed alteration were announced on 23 March 2023 by Prime Minister Anthony Albanese.[5] The Bill which will trigger a referendum is the Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023 and was tabled in federal parliament on 30 March 2023 by Attorney-General Mark Dreyfus.[6] On 31 May 2023 the Bill passed the House of Representatives.[7]

    Proposed question and body[edit]

    Further information: Indigenous Voice to Parliament
    Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023
    Coat of Arms of Australia.svg
    Parliament of Australia
    • A Bill for an Act to alter the Constitution to recognise the First Peoples of Australia by establishing an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice
    Territorial extentAustralia
    Passed byHouse of Representatives
    Passed31 May 2023
    Considered bySenate
    Legislative history
    First chamber: House of Representatives
    Bill published on30 March 2023
    Introduced byMark Dreyfus (Labor)
    First reading30 March 2023
    Second reading30 March 2023 – 31 May 2023
    Consideration in detail31 May 2023
    Third reading31 May 2023
    Amends
    Australian Constitution
    Summary
    Establishes a constitutionally-recognised Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice
    Status: Pending

    On 23 March 2023, the Australian Government announced the proposed question and amendment to the constitution for the 2023 Australian referendum.[8] The proposed question and amendment will be considered by the Parliament as part of the parliamentary process to alter the Constitution.

    The Australian Government, following advice by the First Nations Referendum Working Group, also released design principles for the Voice.[9] It is stated that these principles will "underpin the shape and function of the Voice" and "then be the basis of the legislation" for the Parliament to consider if the referendum is successful.[10]

    Proposed question[edit]

    The current proposal for the question to be put to the Australian people at the 2023 referendum is:[10]

    A Proposed Law: To alter the Constitution to recognise the First Peoples of Australia by establishing an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice. Do you approve this proposed alteration?

    Proposed amendment[edit]

    The current proposal for the amendment to be inserted into the Constitution is:[10]

    Chapter IX Recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples

    129 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice

    In recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Peoples of Australia:

    1. There shall be a body, to be called the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice;
    2. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice may make representations to the Parliament and the Executive Government of the Commonwealth on matters relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples;
    3. The Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws with respect to matters relating to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice, including its composition, functions, powers and procedures.

    Proposed design of the Voice[edit]

    The Australian Government has also released a set of design principles of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice to guide the legislation for the Voice.[9] Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has stated that the principles will "underpin the shape and function of the Voice" and that if the 2023 Australian referendum is successful, then the Government "will establish a process in order for that [legislation] to be worked on, including a parliamentary process which will involve the whole of the Parliament regardless of where people stand to develop that legislation going forward".[10]

    The design principles are that:[9][11]

    The Voice will give independent advice to the Parliament and Government

    • The Voice would make representations to the Parliament and the Executive Government on matters relating to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
    • The Voice would be able to make representations proactively.
    • The Voice would be able to respond to requests for representations from the Parliament and the Executive Government.
    • The Voice would have its own resources to allow it to research, develop and make representations.
    • The Parliament and Executive Government should seek representations in writing from the Voice early in the development of proposed laws and policies.

    The Voice will be chosen by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people based on the wishes of local communities

    • Members of the Voice would be selected by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, not appointed by the Executive Government.
    • Members would serve on the Voice for a fixed period of time, to ensure regular accountability to their communities.
    • To ensure cultural legitimacy, the way that members of the Voice are chosen would suit the wishes of local communities and would be determined through the post-referendum process.

    The Voice will be representative of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, gender balanced and include youth

    • Members of the Voice would be Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, according to the standard three part test.
    • Members would be chosen from each of the states, territories and the Torres Strait Islands.
    • The Voice would have specific remote representatives as well as representation for the mainland Torres Strait Islander population.
    • The Voice will have balanced gender representation at the national level.

    The Voice will be empowering, community-led, inclusive, respectful and culturally informed

    • Members of the Voice would be expected to connect with – and reflect the wishes of – their communities.
    • The Voice would consult with grassroots communities and regional entities to ensure its representations are informed by their experience, including the experience of those who have been historically excluded from participation.

    The Voice will be accountable and transparent

    • The Voice would be subject to standard governance and reporting requirements to ensure transparency and accountability.
    • Voice members would fall within the scope of the National Anti-Corruption Commission.
    • Voice members would be able to be sanctioned or removed for serious misconduct.

    The Voice will work alongside existing organisations and traditional structures

    • The Voice would respect the work of existing organisations.

    The Voice will not have a program delivery function

    • The Voice would be able to make representations about improving programs and services, but it would not manage money or deliver services.

    The Voice will not have a veto power

    Current model[edit]

    The current model suggests 24 members on the body, elected by local and regional elected bodies,[12] each of which would be designed and run by their communities;[13] however, the final model will be decided by legislation if the referendum is successful.[12]

    Voting and referendum mechanisms[edit]

    Double majority[edit]

    In order for the amendment to the Constitution to be enacted, it must receive the endorsement of a so called "double majority" of voters. This means that for the referendum to succeed, the following must occur:

    • more than half of the total national votes must be in favour of the amendment; and
    • more than half of the electors in at least four states must also vote in favour.

    If more than half of the total national votes or more than half of the electors in at least three states vote against the amendment, the referendum will not be successful.[14][15]

    Voters[edit]

    Australian citizens and some British subjects may take part in Australian elections or referendums. Under Australian law, all eligible voters must submit a vote by an approved means (in-person, by post, or over the phone). It is mandatory for all eligible people to register to vote.[3]

    It is mandatory for a person to register onto the Australian Electoral Roll and vote if they are:[16][17]

    • an Australian citizen, either by birth or naturalisation, or are a British subject who was enrolled to vote before 27 January 1984, and
    • aged 18 years or older (on the date of the referendum), and
    • have lived at an address for more than one month, and
    • not subject to an exemption or exclusion.

    Exemptions to mandatory voting requirements apply for those that are overseas on the date of the referendum, are posted to an Australian station on Antarctica, or are homeless or have no fixed address.[18][19][20] A person serving a prison sentence of longer than three years on the date of the referendum is excluded from voting in federal elections or referendums whilst in custody, but must remain on the Electoral Roll.[21]

    Cost[edit]

    Funding for the referendum was provided to the AEC and NIAA in the October 2022 Australian federal budget, with a total distribution of $75.2 million (excluding Contingency Reserves) over two years (FY2022–24).[22][23]

    • $52.6 million for the Australian Electoral Commission to prepare for and deliver the referendum
    • $16.1 million for the Australian Electoral Commission to increase the percentage of eligible First Nations people registered to vote
    • $6.5 million for the National Indigenous Australians Agency to support preparations for the referendum, including the relevant governance structures

    There is an additional $160 million of the federal Contingency Reserve available to deliver the referendum.[22] In May 2023 the government announced a total of A$10.5 million in the 2023 budget to improve mental health services for Indigenous people in the lead-up to the referendum.[24]

    "Yes" and "No" campaigns[edit]

    Campaigning for both sides of the question started in early 2023. Some of the groups and individuals involved are listed below.[25]

    Yes[edit]

    According to author and Maritime Union of Australia official Thomas Mayo,[b] all of these campaign groups are working towards the same goal.[25]

    No[edit]

    • Australians for Unity, created on 11 May 2023, led by Warren Mundine and Jacinta Nampijinpa Price. This is a merger of two key former campaigns:[24]
      • Recognise a Better Way was led by Mundine and included former Nationals deputy PM John Anderson, and former Keating government minister Gary Johns.[25] The campaign, launched in January 2023, was set up by a group called the Voice No Case Committee. The committee included four Indigenous members: Mundine; Price (who left the group in February 2023 to join Advance[25]); founder of the Kings Creek Station Ian Conway; and Bob Liddle, owner of Kemara enterprises.[27][28]
      • Fair Australia was a No campaign led by Jacinta Nampijinpa Price (who was originally part of the Recognise a Better Way group[24]) under the auspices of Advance.[25][c]

    Positions[edit]

    Further information: Endorsements in the 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum

    Political parties[edit]

    This table summarises the positions of Australian political parties at the federal level. Disagreement between federal party rooms and state-level party branches within the Liberal–National Coalition is discussed below.

    Party Stance Notes and references
    Animal Justice Support [29]
    Australian Democrats Support [30]
    Australian Values Unknown
    Centre Alliance Unknown The party has not openly taken a stance on the issue, but does support the recognition of Indigenous Australians in the Constitution.[31]
    Citizens Unknown
    Christians Oppose [32]
    Communist Support [33]
    Dai Le and Frank Carbone Network Neutral As of January 2023, Le maintains a neutral position towards the Voice, claiming that it is not a priority for the culturally diverse communities in her electorate.[34]
    Democratic Alliance Support [35]
    Family First Oppose [36]
    Freedom Oppose [37]
    Fusion Support [38]
    Great Australian Unknown
    Greens Support The party has a preference for truth-telling and treaty processes to occur prior to the Voice but have nonetheless backed the "yes" campaign for the expected referendum on the voice.[39]
    Indigenous-Aboriginal Support [40]
    Informed Medical Options Unknown
    Katter's Australian Oppose Leader Bob Katter (federal MP for the Division of Kennedy) has stated that the Voice to Parliament may not cover important issues faced by Indigenous Australians, instead proposing a designated Indigenous senator. However, he has given his support for a referendum.[41] All three of the party's MPs in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland have requested more information from federal and state governments (similar to the Liberals) and said that they could possibly support the Voice. On 16 February 2023, the party announced on Facebook that its MPs will not support the Voice.[42]
    Labor Support Leader Anthony Albanese has given his support and pledged that a referendum would be held. All state and territory Labor leaders support the Voice, however Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk has said that although she supports the Voice, she believes it should be explained better.[43]
    Lambie Unknown Party leader Jacqui Lambie publicly called for more information about the Voice to Parliament in August 2022 and February 2023, but has not yet announced an official position.[44]
    Legalise Cannabis Unknown
    Liberal Oppose[d] Federal leader Peter Dutton had requested more information before his party decided on a position; however some members have declared their own stances. Federal members of the party's Tasmanian branch were divided on the issue as of 3 January 2023.[45] On 5 April 2023, after a party room meeting, it was announced that the party will oppose the Voice citing constitutional risks. All members of the shadow ministry are bound by this decision but a conscience vote is allowed for backbencher members. The party has proposed an alternative to Labor's initial proposal and does support constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians, however.[46] Since the decision, some members of the party have indicated they will still support a Voice to Parliament despite their party room's position. Moderate backbenchers including Bridget Archer, Russell Broadbent and Andrew Bragg have indicated their support for a Voice.[47] Furthermore, Julian Leeser has resigned from his frontbench position as Shadow Attorney-General to support a Voice.[48]
    Liberal Democrats Oppose [49]
    National Oppose[e] The Nationals at a federal level have stated that they oppose a Voice to Parliament, citing concerns that it would not be inclusive of regional areas.[50][51][52]
    One Nation Oppose One Nation opposes both a Voice to Parliament and a referendum on the subject.[53]
    Reason Support [54]
    Shooters, Fishers and Farmers Unknown
    Socialist Alliance Support Socialist Alliance has expressed scepticism that the Voice will serve as anything other than a token gesture towards true reconciliation, and criticised the absence of explicit information about its exact framework. However, they express critical support for the proposal, provided it does not undermine the sovereignty and treaty demands of First Nations in any way.[55]
    Sustainable Australia Support [56]
    The Local Party Unknown
    TNL Support [57]
    United Australia Oppose The party's sole Senator, Ralph Babet, is opposed to the Voice,[58] as is the party's founder and chairman (Clive Palmer),[59] who confirmed the party's opposition on Twitter.[60]
    Victorian Socialists Unknown
    Voices for the Senate Unknown
    Western Australian Party Unknown

    Coalition variance[edit]

    Nationals leader David Littleproud announced on 28 November 2022 that that his party would not support the Voice, with Senator for the Northern Territory Jacinta Price speaking out strongly against it. The decision led to Andrew Gee leaving the party to sit as an independent.[61][62] The Nationals oppose the Voice on a federal level and in two states (South Australia and Victoria), although the party supports it in New South Wales,[50] and Western Australia.[63][64]

    Federally, the Liberal Party opposes the Voice, with leader Peter Dutton having repeatedly asked for more information before they could make a decision, before deciding on 5 April 2023 to reject the Voice. The Liberals have offered an alternative proposal and do support the constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians. Only backbenchers have been allowed a conscience vote on the issue, while members of the Coalition Shadow Ministry are obliged to oppose the Voice. Despite the Liberal Party's federal position, the party is supportive of the Voice in New South Wales,[65] Tasmania, and Western Australia.[52]

    Former Liberal MP, and Indigenous Australians Minister, Ken Wyatt, quit the Liberal Party on 6 April 2023, in response to the Federal Liberal Party's opposition to the Voice.[66] Later, Julian Leeser (the member for Berowra) resigned from the Shadow Cabinet to support the Voice and campaign for an improved wording, although he did not quit the party and still remains in Parliament as a Liberal backbencher.[67][68]

    Party Stance Notes and references
    Canberra Liberals Ambiguous The Canberra Liberals have given its MPs a conscience vote on the issue.[69] The party's leader, Elizabeth Lee, remains undecided on the Voice. Mark Parton has announced his support for the Voice, while former opposition leader Jeremy Hanson has announced his opposition the proposal.[70]
    Country Liberals Oppose On 19 February 2023, the Country Liberal Party voted to oppose the Voice.[71][72][73] However, members of the party have differing opinions; the party's sole federal senator, Jacinta Price, opposes the Voice, while the party's leader in the Northern Territory, Lia Finocchiaro, said in mid-March that she supported the Voice in principle, but needed more detail.[74]
    Liberal Nationals Ambiguous The LNP has not stated a clear position on the Voice.[75][76] The party's leader in Queensland, David Crisafulli, announced he has an "open mind" on the issue.[52]
    NSW Liberals Support Former New South Wales Premier Dominic Perrottet (who was Premier and Liberal leader from 2021 to 2023) supports the Voice.[65] The current leader, Mark Speakman, announced that members of the party will be given a free vote on the issue.[77]
    NSW Nationals Support The NSW Nationals have given their support to the Voice.[50] However, like the NSW Liberal Party, the NSW Nationals have announced that they will give its members a free vote on the issue.[77]
    SA Liberals Neutral The South Australian division opposes the state's version of the Voice to Parliament, but has not yet made a stance on the federal version.[78] David Speirs remains undecided on the Voice, but has stated that the South Australian Liberals will remain neutral and will not campaign for either side.[79]
    SA Nationals Oppose [80]
    Tasmanian Liberals Support Tasmanian premier Jeremy Rockliff openly supports the Voice. Rockliff vowed to campaign "vigorously" in favour of the Voice.[52]
    Victorian Liberals Ambiguous John Pesutto, the leader of the party's Victorian division, announced that he had an "open mind" on the Voice.[52][81] The Victorian Liberals decided in May 2023 to allow members to have a conscience vote on this issue, but leader John Pesutto still remains undecided on how he will vote.[82]
    Victorian Nationals Oppose Peter Walsh, the leader of the Nationals in Victoria, backed the federal Nationals' decision.[83]
    WA Liberals Support Libby Mettam, the leader of the party's Western Australian division, announced that she will vote "yes" to the Voice and her party would support it.[52] Former leader and current MP David Honey is opposed to the referendum.[84]
    WA Nationals Support Former leader Mia Davies stated her party's support for the Voice.[63][64]

    Independents[edit]

    Name Stance Notes and references
    Kate Chaney Support [85]
    Zoe Daniel Support [86]
    Andrew Gee Support Gee defected from the National Party in December 2022, shortly after the party announced its opposition to the Voice, citing a need to support the Voice as a key reason for leaving the party,[87] although party leader David Littleproud mentioned other disagreements that led to the decision.[88]
    Helen Haines Support [89]
    David Pocock Support [90]
    Monique Ryan Support [91]
    Sophie Scamps Support Scamps referred to the First Nations Voice to Parliament as a "generous invitation" in her first speech to Parliament in August 2022.[92]
    Allegra Spender Support [93]
    Zali Steggall Support [94]
    Lidia Thorpe Ambiguous In August 2022, when she was still Greens Indigenous affairs spokesperson, Thorpe called for Treaty before Voice.[95] Defecting from the Greens in February 2023, she said that she wished to lead the "Blak sovereignty" movement and campaign for such a treaty[96][97][98][99] before implementation of the Voice, which would be "powerless".[100][101][f] However as of March 2023 she had not ruled out supporting the Yes vote.[100] In May 2023, she ruled out supporting the No campaign and said she would consider abstaining from voting. They have announced they will move an amendment for the referendum bill that includes a chapter on Aboriginal sovereignty.[103]
    Kylea Tink Support [104][105]
    Andrew Wilkie Support [106]

    Former prime ministers[edit]

    Prime Minister Term Party Position Notes and references
    Paul Keating 1991–1996 Labor Support Paul Keating strongly supports the Voice, saying that the Albanese government should not postpone a referendum on the issue and should hold it in its first term.[107]
    John Howard 1996–2007 Coalition Undecided John Howard has said that he has not settled a position on the Voice yet, but warned Anthony Albanese to be careful with the wording of the Voice, warning it could be "coercive and divisive".[108]
    Kevin Rudd 2007–2010, 2013 Labor Support Kevin Rudd supports the Voice to Parliament, stating that Tony Abbott's stance on the issue was "wrong".[109]
    Julia Gillard 2010–2013 Labor Support Julia Gillard announced her support for the Voice, along with Beyond Blue, of which she is a board member.[110]
    Tony Abbott 2013–2015 Coalition Oppose Tony Abbott has openly given his opposition to the Voice.[111][112][113]
    Malcolm Turnbull 2015–2018 Coalition Support In August 2022, Malcolm Turnbull stated that, despite his previous concerns, he would now vote in favour of Albanese's proposal.[114]
    Scott Morrison 2018–2022 Coalition Oppose While he was prime minister, Scott Morrison proposed a version of the Voice,[115] but repeatedly ruled out holding a referendum, and vetoed attempts to do so.[116] He has previously stated that the Voice would be a "third chamber" of Parliament.[117]

    Opinion polling[edit]

    This section is an excerpt from Opinion polling for the 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum.[edit]
    Graphical summary (All polls, allowing undecideds)
    Graphical summary (May 2022–present, allowing undecideds)
    Graphical summary (August 2022–present, forced-choice only)

    See also[edit]

    Notes[edit]

    1. ^ Prime Minister Anthony Albanese has confirmed that the referendum will be held sometime between October and December 2023, however the exact date is yet to be confirmed. Under Australian law, all elections or referendums must be held on a Saturday, and must occur between two and six months after the relevant Bill passes both chambers of parliament.
    2. ^ Formerly known as Thomas Mayor.[26]
    3. ^ Advance emerged during the 2019 election, attacking activist group GetUp!, supporting Tony Abbott against the independent Zali Steggall (who won the seat), and campaigning against David Pocock.[25]
    4. ^ The federal Liberal party room opposes the Voice to Parliament, but state-level branches of the Liberal Party in three out of six states — New South Wales, Western Australia and Tasmania — support the Voice to Parliament.
    5. ^ The federal National party room opposes the Voice to Parliament, but state-level branches of the National Party in two out of the four states where they are represented in state legislatures — New South Wales and Western Australia — support the Voice to Parliament.
    6. ^ She also suggested that all of the recommendations from the Bringing Them Home report and Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody should be implemented before the Voice.[102]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ a b Evans, Jake (30 March 2023). "Bill to trigger Voice referendum introduced to parliament". ABC News. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
    2. ^ Butler, Josh (23 March 2023). "Emotional PM reveals question Australians will be asked for constitutional change on Indigenous recognition". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
    3. ^ a b "Referendums". Australian Electoral Commission. 6 January 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
    4. ^ "AEC calling on Australians to deliver a potential Referendum". Australian Electoral Commission. 8 February 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
    5. ^ "Constitutional amendment and referendum question announced". National Indigenous Australians Agency. 23 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
    6. ^ Dreyfus, Mark (30 March 2023). "Constitution Alteration (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice) 2023". Federal Register of Legislation. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
    7. ^ Doran, Matthew (31 May 2023). "Indigenous Voice to Parliament referendum bill passes the lower house, Nationals, some Liberals voting against". ABC News. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
    8. ^ "Next Step Towards Voice Referendum: Constitutional Alteration Bill | Prime Minister of Australia". www.pm.gov.au. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
    9. ^ a b c "Voice principles released | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice". voice.niaa.gov.au. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
    10. ^ a b c d "Press Conference - Parliament House | Prime Minister of Australia". www.pm.gov.au. Retrieved 24 March 2023.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
    11. ^ "Design Principles of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Voice". National Indigenous Australians Agency. 23 March 2023.
    12. ^ a b Allam, Lorena (23 March 2023). "What is the Indigenous voice to parliament, how would it work, and what happens next?". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
    13. ^ Butler, Dan (3 February 2023). "The government is being asked for detail on the Voice. Here's what we know". NITV. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
    14. ^ Silva, Angelica (14 May 2023). "What is the Indigenous Voice to Parliament? Here's how it would work and who's for and against it". ABC News. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
    15. ^ "The referendum count". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
    16. ^ "Enrol to vote". Australian Electoral Commission. 1 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
    17. ^ "British subjects". Australian Electoral Commission. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
    18. ^ "Voting from overseas". Australian Electoral Commission. 13 April 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
    19. ^ "Workers in Antarctica". Australian Electoral Commission. 20 April 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
    20. ^ "Enrolment for people with no fixed address". Australian Electoral Commission. 22 March 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
    21. ^ "Prisoners". Australian Electoral Commission. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
    22. ^ a b Chalmers, Jim; Gallagher, Katy (25 October 2022). "Budget Paper No. 2: Budget Measures" (PDF). 2022 Budget. p. 107. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
    23. ^ Morse, Dana (28 October 2022). "Voice to Parliament funding welcomed but questions raised over who will pay for the campaign". ABC News. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
    24. ^ a b c Morse, Dana; Bourchier, Dan (11 May 2023). "Key 'No' camps merge to form Australians for Unity to strengthen referendum campaign". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 13 May 2023.
    25. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Allam, Lorena; Butler, Josh (20 February 2023). "Voice referendum: who's behind the yes and no campaigns and how do they plan to convince Australia?". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
    26. ^ "The Voice to Parliament". Readings Books. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
    27. ^ Grattan, Michelle. "Former deputy prime minister John Anderson joins group spearheading "no" campaign on the Voice". The Conversation. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
    28. ^ "Home". Recognise a Better Way.
    29. ^ "First Nations". Animal Justice Party Australia.
    30. ^ "Standing with First Nations - our plan". Australian Democrats. 10 May 2022.
    31. ^ "Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders". Centre Alliance.
    32. ^ "Jesus, the real HOPE of the world (and Australia's Parliament) - Australian Christians". australianchristians.org.au. 12 December 2022.
    33. ^ "The CPA calls for a YES vote to the Voice in the upcoming Referendum". CPA. 29 January 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
    34. ^ "Ethnic voters loom as crucial to success of Voice vote". Australian Financial Review. 23 January 2023.
    35. ^ Pavlou, Drew. "Just consulted the board - big support". Twitter.
    36. ^ https://familyfirstparty.org.au/experts-say-voice-to-have-same-status-as-parliament-executive-courts%7C Date- 26 May 2023
    37. ^ https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=252871374069554&set=a.153659120657447
    38. ^ "Fair + Inclusive Society". Fusion Party. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
    39. ^ "Greens to back Voice". Australian Greens. 6 February 2023.
    40. ^ "The Indigenous-Aboriginal Party of Australia supports "The Uluru Statement from the Heart"". 13 April 2023.
    41. ^ Clarke, Harry (30 November 2022). "Bob Katter weighs in on proposed Voice to Parliament". Country Caller.
    42. ^ "Katter's Australian Party has announced its MPs will not support the Indigenous Voice to Parliament". 17 February 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023 – via Facebook.
    43. ^ "Explanation of voice can be improved, Qld premier says". The Canberra Times.
    44. ^ Ransley, Ellen; Gould, Courtney (31 July 2022). "'It will fail': Lambie's message to Albo". news. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
    45. ^ "Federal Liberal ranks split on Voice to Parliament". National Indigenous Times. 3 January 2023.
    46. ^ Hitch, Georgia (5 April 2023). "Liberal Party confirms it will oppose the Indigenous Voice to Parliament". ABC News. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
    47. ^ "Peter Dutton confirms Liberals will oppose Indigenous voice to parliament". The Guardian.
    48. ^ Thompson, Lisa Visentin, Paul Sakkal, Natassia Chrysanthos, Angus (11 April 2023). "'I believe the time for the Voice has come': Shadow attorney-general Julian Leeser resigns from opposition frontbench". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
    49. ^ https://www.ldp.org.au/silence_an_indigenous_voice_lib_dems_say
    50. ^ a b c "NSW Nationals announce their support for an Indigenous Voice to Parliament" (audio). SBS News (in Tamil).
    51. ^ Landsey, Amy (29 November 2022). "Split emerges within Nationals over Indigenous Voice". Sky News Australia.
    52. ^ a b c d e f Opray, Max (6 April 2023). "Liberals rebel on Voice stance". The Saturday Paper.
    53. ^ "Aboriginal Voice to Parliament". Pauline Hanson's One Nation.
    54. ^ "First Nations Self Determination". Reason Australia.
    55. ^ "Voice to Parliament has to be more than a token gesture | Socialist Alliance". socialist-alliance.org.
    56. ^ "Support a stronger and equal voice for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians in our democracy". 20 April 2023.
    57. ^ "We will adopt the Uluru Statement from the Heart and initiate a voice to parliament". 13 April 2023.
    58. ^ Babet, Ralph (25 January 2023). "Voice of racism". The Spectator Australia.
    59. ^ https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/mining-magnate-palmer-weighs-in-on-opposing-indigenous-voice-in-parliament/video/20748646d88c69de86d51fa624c1844d
    60. ^ https://twitter.com/CliveFPalmer/status/1638727986731167749
    61. ^ "Split in Nationals over Indigenous Voice to Parliament as Andrew Gee breaks ranks". ABC News (Australia). 30 November 2022.|
    62. ^ Masters, Rebecca (28 November 2022). "Nationals will oppose Indigenous Voice to Parliament". Nine News. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
    63. ^ a b "Western Australia National Party split from federal counterparts over support for Indigenous Voice to Parliament". Sky News Australia. 29 November 2022.
    64. ^ a b "West Australian National Party breaks ranks over Indigenous Voice to Parliament". ABC News (Australia). 29 November 2022.
    65. ^ a b "Should be above politics': Liberal leaders Dominic Perrottet and Peter Dutton divided as National Cabinet signs on to support Voice to Parliament". Sky News Australia.
    66. ^ "Former MP Ken Wyatt quits Liberals after party decides not to back Voice". ABC News. 6 April 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
    67. ^ Karp, Paul (11 April 2023). "Julian Leeser resigns from shadow cabinet over Liberals' voice stance". the Guardian. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
    68. ^ Meacham, Savannah (11 April 2023). "Julian Leeser quits Liberal frontbench to support Voice to parliament" (video + text). Nine News. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
    69. ^ "Canberra Libs to have free vote on the Voice". Canberra CityNews. 16 March 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
    70. ^ French, Ethan (19 April 2023). "Canberra Liberals MLA Mark Parton says he will vote yes to an Indigenous Voice to Parliament, putting him at odds with party colleague". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 19 April 2023.
    71. ^ Morgan, Thomas (19 February 2023). "Rank-and-file of NT's Country Liberal Party support motions backing No campaign of Voice to Parliament". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 19 April 2023.
    72. ^ "Northern Territory's Country Liberal Party to oppose Indigenous Voice to Parliament". Sky News Australia.
    73. ^ "CLP's internal division on Voice to Parliament". NT News.
    74. ^ "After a dramatic resignation, Jacinta Price says the NT Country Liberal Party is united against the Voice". ABC News. 13 March 2023.
    75. ^ Gillespie, Eden (13 April 2023). "Queensland premier calls for clear LNP position on voice". the Guardian. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
    76. ^ "Crisafulli won't reveal position on Voice to Parliament". Courier Mail. News Corp. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2023.
    77. ^ a b https://www.southcoastregister.com.au/story/8190387/nsw-coalition-mps-free-to-campaign-yes-or-no-to-voice/
    78. ^ "South Australian Liberals to oppose state First Nations Voice to Parliament proposal". ABC News (Australia). 21 February 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
    79. ^ "SA Liberals will hold no stance on federal Indigenous Voice". The Advertiser. SA Opposition leader David Speirs says it is up to individual Australians to make their own decision in voting yes or no for a national Indigenous Voice to parliament at a referendum later this year.
    80. ^ "We Support Real Change, say No to The Voice". SA Nationals. 5 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023 – via Facebook.
    81. ^ McCubbing, Gus (12 February 2023). "Victorian Liberals question Voice after listening to their 'gut'". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
    82. ^ https://amp.abc.net.au/article/102285654
    83. ^ "Victorian Nationals back federal party's stance on Indigenous Voice to Parliament". ABC News. 29 November 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
    84. ^ Honey, David. "I strongly commend Former PM @HonTonyAbbott's call for the Premier to be transparent about his proposed State-based voice to Parliament". Twitter.
    85. ^ "Inclusive communities". Kate Chaney.
    86. ^ "Recognition for First Nations Australians".
    87. ^ Karp, Paul (23 December 2022). "Nationals MP Andrew Gee quits party citing its opposition to Indigenous voice". The Guardian.
    88. ^ "David Littleproud says Andrew Gee didn't quit the Nationals because of Voice". news.com.au.
    89. ^ "Where I stand on..." Helen Haines MP - Independent Federal Member for Indi.
    90. ^ "Senator Pocock's First Speech". David Pocock.
    91. ^ "Policy Priorities". Dr Monique Ryan for Kooyong.
    92. ^ "Dr Sophie Scamps' first speech in Parliament". Dr Sophie Scamps.
    93. ^ "Other Policies". Allegra Spender.
    94. ^ "Where does Zali stand on..." Zali Steggall.
    95. ^ "'On the table': Greens want treaty before backing Voice to Parliament". The Canberra Times. 9 August 2022.
    96. ^ Butler, Dan (7 February 2023). "'I am here for a reason': defiant Lidia Thorpe says she will stay put to pursue Treaty and Sovereignty". NITV. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
    97. ^ Revell, Jack (10 February 2023). "What Is the Blak Sovereign Movement Lidia Thorpe Wants to Lead?". The Latch. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
    98. ^ Murphy-Oates, Laura; Karp, Paul; Herbert, Miles; Koning, Joe (14 February 2023). "Lidia Thorpe on Blak sovereignty and leaving the Greens" (podcast). The Guardian. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
    99. ^ "What is 'black sovereignty' and how does it conflict with the Voice?". ABC News. 6 February 2023.
    100. ^ a b Butler, Josh (8 March 2023). "Lidia Thorpe 'shocked' by CPAC's use of her image in ads opposing Indigenous voice". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
    101. ^ Sakkal, Lisa Visentin, Paul (6 February 2023). "Lidia Thorpe splits from Greens on Voice to parliament". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
    102. ^ "Lidia Thorpe sets Voice terms, Ken Wyatt rejects 'offensive' Indigenous identity check". SBS News. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
    103. ^ Visentin, Lisa (27 May 2023). "Thorpe says she won't lead progressive No campaign against the Voice". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
    104. ^ Iveson, Sarah (20 January 2023). "Teal backs voice, even if it fails referendum". The Australian. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
    105. ^ "Every party's stance on the Voice to Parliament - and those who have split on the issue". 6 News Australia. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
    106. ^ "Andrew in Parliament on Indigenous Land Rights, Closing the Gap & the Uluru Statement from the Heart". Andrew Wilkie. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
    107. ^ "Labor must not betray Indigenous voters by delaying voice to parliament, Keating and Pearson say | Indigenous Australians | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com.
    108. ^ "Prime Minister hits back at John Howard, warning Indigenous Voice could be 'coercive' and divisive". The West Australian. 18 August 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
    109. ^ "Kevin Rudd says Tony Abbott is wrong on the Voice to parliament". amp.smh.com.au.
    110. ^ "Beyond Blue chair and former prime minister Julia Gillard has announced the national mental health organisation will "wholeheartedly" support the Yes vote for an Indigenous Voice to Parliament". abc.net.au. 30 May 2023.
    111. ^ "Voice to Parliament wrong in principle, bad in practice: Tony Abbott". skynews. 23 December 2022.
    112. ^ "Tony Abbott accuses tech of censoring 'no' campaign". skynews. 4 January 2023.
    113. ^ "Tony Abbott tells CPAC an Indigenous voice to parliament would promote 'discrimination' | Tony Abbott | The Guardian". amp.theguardian.com.
    114. ^ Malcolm Turnbull (15 August 2022). "I will be voting yes to establish an Indigenous voice to parliament". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
    115. ^ Wiles, Paul (18 February 2022). "PM Scott Morrison shares his version of the "Voice to Parliament." Mparntwe Alice Springs, February 18 - 2022".
    116. ^ "Election 2022: Scott Morrison rules out referendum on Indigenous Voice if re-elected". amp.smh.com.au.
    117. ^ "Morrison vetoes enshrining Indigenous voice in constitution". Crikey. 12 July 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2023.

    External links[edit]

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2023_Australian_Indigenous_Voice_referendum&oldid=1157875014"