Wikipedia:Contents/Geography and places

Wikipedia's contents: Geography and places

Geography (Greek Geo (γη) or Gaea (γαία), meaning "Earth", and graphein (γράφειν) meaning "to describe" or "to write") is the study of the earth and its features, inhabitants, and phenomena. A literal translation would be "to describe or write about the Earth". The first person to use the word "geography" was Eratosthenes (275-195 B.C.). Four historical traditions in geographical research are the spatial analysis of natural and human phenomena (geography as a study of distribution), area studies (places and regions), study of man-land relationship, and research in earth sciences. Nonetheless, modern geography is an all-encompassing discipline that foremost seeks to understand the world and all of its human and natural complexities — not merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. As "the bridge between the human and physical sciences," geography is divided into two main branches — human geography and physical geography.

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Geography and places: Overviews; Outlines; Lists; Portals; Glossaries; Categories; Indices

Overviews

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See also: places near you

Main articles: Earth, Geography and Place

Geography – Atlas • City • Climate • Demographics • Earth • Exploration • Geographic information system • History of geography • Map • Park • Place • Population density • Region • Spatial analysis • Subregion • Surveying

Branches of Geography – Physical geography (Climatology, Hydrology) • Human geography • Regional geography

Natural geographical features

Landforms – Badlands • Canyon • Cave • Cliff • Coast • Continent • Coral reef • Crater • Desert • Forest • Geyser • Glacier • Gully • Grassland • Highland • Hill • Island • Mesa • Mountain • Mountain range • Plain • Prairie • Peninsula • Reef • Ridge • Savanna • Shoal • Steppe • Tundra • Valley • Volcano • Wetland

Bodies of water – Bay • Channel • Delta • Estuary • Fjord • Headlands • Lagoon • Lake • Marsh • Ocean • Pond • River • Sea • Sound • Source (river or stream) • Spring (hydrosphere) • Strait • Stream • Swamp • Waterfall

Manmade geographical features – Airport • Artificial dwelling hill • Artificial island • Breakwater • Bridge • Canal • Causeway • Country • Country subdivision • Dam (Levee) • Farm • Harbor • Nation • National park • Nature reserve • Park • Pier • Pipeline • Port • Railway • Ranch • Reservoir • Road (Street) • Settlement (Village, Town, City, Megalopolis) • Train station • Tunnel

The World

By hemisphere – New World • Old World | Eastern world • Western world | Eastern Hemisphere • Western Hemisphere | Northern Hemisphere • Southern Hemisphere

By cultural region – English-speaking world • Arab world • Chinese world (Sinosphere) • Indosphere • Sub-Saharan Africa • Europe • Latin America • Oceania

By ordinal classification – First World • Second World • Third World • Fourth World

By economic development – Developed countries • Developing countries • Least Developed Countries

By continent – Africa • Antarctica • Australia • Eurasia (Europe and Asia) • North America • South America

Countries and polar regions of the world:

Outlines

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Geography

Continents and major geopolitical regions (non-continents are italicized)

Africa • Antarctica • Asia • Europe • North America • Oceania (includes Australia) • South America

Political divisions of the World, arranged by continent or major geopolitical region

Africa

West Africa

Benin • Burkina Faso • Cape Verde • Gambia • Ghana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) • Liberia • Mali • Mauritania • Niger • Nigeria (Rivers State) • Senegal • Sierra Leone • Togo

North Africa

Algeria • Egypt (Cairo) • Libya • Mauritania • Morocco • Sudan • South Sudan •Tunisia • Western Sahara

Central Africa

Angola • Burundi • Cameroon • Central African Republic • Chad • The Democratic Republic of the Congo • Equatorial Guinea • Gabon • Republic of the Congo • Rwanda • São Tomé and Príncipe

East Africa

Burundi • Comoros • Djibouti • Eritrea • Ethiopia • Kenya • Madagascar • Malawi • Mauritius • Mozambique • Rwanda • Seychelles • Somalia • Tanzania • Uganda • Zambia • Zimbabwe

Southern Africa

Botswana • Eswatini (Swaziland) • Lesotho • Namibia • South Africa (Cape Town)

Dependencies

Mayotte (France) • St. Helena (UK) • Puntland • Somaliland • Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

Antarctica

None

Asia

Central Asia

Kazakhstan • Kyrgyzstan • Tajikistan • Turkmenistan • Uzbekistan

East Asia

China

Tibet

Hong Kong • Macau

Japan (Kyoto) • North Korea • South Korea • Mongolia • Taiwan

North Asia

Russia

Southeast Asia

Brunei • Cambodia • East Timor (Timor-Leste) • Indonesia (Jakarta) • Laos • Malaysia • Myanmar (Burma) • Philippines (Metro Manila) • Singapore • Thailand (Bangkok) • Vietnam

South Asia

Afghanistan • Bangladesh • Bhutan • Maldives • Nepal • Pakistan • Sri Lanka

India

States of India: Andhra Pradesh • Arunachal Pradesh • Assam • Bihar • Chhattisgarh • Goa • Gujarat • Haryana • Himachal Pradesh • Jharkhand • Karnataka • Kerala • Madhya Pradesh • Maharashtra • Manipur • Meghalaya • Mizoram • Nagaland • Odisha • Punjab • Rajasthan • Sikkim • Tamil Nadu • Telangana • Tripura • Uttar Pradesh • Uttarakhand • West Bengal

Union Territories of India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands • Chandigarh • Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu • Delhi • Jammu and Kashmir • Ladakh • Lakshadweep • Pondicherry

West Asia

Armenia • Azerbaijan • Bahrain • Cyprus (including disputed Northern Cyprus) • Georgia • Iran • Iraq • Israel • Jordan • Kuwait • Lebanon • Oman • State of Palestine • Qatar • Saudi Arabia • Syria • Turkey (Istanbul) • United Arab Emirates (Dubai) • Yemen

Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them)

North Caucasus

Parts of Russia (Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachai-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai)

South Caucasus

Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia, South Ossetia) • Armenia • Azerbaijan (including disputed Republic of Artsakh)

Europe

Akrotiri and Dhekelia • Åland • Albania • Andorra • Armenia • Austria (Vienna) • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic (Prague) • Denmark • Estonia • Faroe Islands • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany (Dresden, Munich) • Gibraltar • Greece (Athens) • Guernsey • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Isle of Man • Italy (Florence, Milan, Palermo, Rome, Turin) • Jersey • Kazakhstan • Kosovo • Latvia • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Luxembourg • Malta • Moldova (including disputed Transnistria) • Monaco • Montenegro • Netherlands • North Macedonia • Poland • Portugal • Romania • Russia (Saint Petersburg) • San Marino • Serbia • Slovakia • Slovenia •

Norway

Svalbard

Spain

Autonomous communities of Spain: Catalonia (Barcelona)

Sweden (Stockholm) • Switzerland (Geneva) • Turkey • Ukraine

United Kingdom

England (Cornwall, London) • Northern Ireland • Scotland (Edinburgh) • Wales

Vatican City

European Union

North America

Canada

Provinces of Canada: • Alberta • British Columbia • Manitoba • New Brunswick • Newfoundland and Labrador • Nova Scotia • Ontario (Toronto) • Prince Edward Island • Quebec • Saskatchewan

Territories of Canada: Northwest Territories • Yukon • Nunavut

Greenland • Saint Pierre and Miquelon

United States

Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts (Boston) • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York (New York City) • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)

Mexico

Central America

Belize • Costa Rica • El Salvador • Guatemala • Honduras • Nicaragua • Panama

Caribbean

Anguilla • Antigua and Barbuda • Aruba • Bahamas • Barbados • Bermuda • British Virgin Islands • Cayman Islands • Cuba • Dominica • Dominican Republic • Grenada • Haiti • Jamaica • Montserrat • Netherlands Antilles • Puerto Rico • Saint Barthélemy • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Saint Martin • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Trinidad and Tobago • Turks and Caicos Islands • United States Virgin Islands

Oceania (includes the continent of Australia)

Australasia

Australia (Sydney)

Dependencies/Territories of Australia

Christmas Island • Norfolk Island

New Zealand

Melanesia

Fiji • Indonesia (Oceanian part only) • New Caledonia (France) • Papua New Guinea • Solomon Islands • Vanuatu •

Micronesia

Federated States of Micronesia • Guam (US) • Kiribati • Marshall Islands • Nauru • Northern Mariana Islands (US) • Palau •

Polynesia

American Samoa (US) • Cook Islands (NZ) • French Polynesia (France) • Hawaii (US) • Niue (NZ) • Pitcairn Islands (UK) • Samoa • Tokelau (NZ) • Tonga • Tuvalu • Wallis and Futuna (France)

South America

Argentina • Bolivia • Brazil (Rio de Janeiro) • Chile • Colombia • Ecuador • Falkland Islands • Guyana • Paraguay • Peru • Suriname • Uruguay • Venezuela

South Atlantic

Ascension Island • Saint Helena • Tristan da Cunha

Lists

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Countries • Country-related topics

Lists by country – Flags • Politics

Country subdivisions – Cities • Counties • Neighborhoods • Places

Geographical features

Land features • Deserts • Highest points • Islands • Mountains • Mountain passes • Mountain ranges • Volcanoes

Bodies of water • Canals • Lakes • Oceans • Reservoirs and dams • Rivers • Straits • Waterways

Man-made boundaries • Countries that border only one other country • Enclaves and exclaves • Border irregularities of the United States

Other: List of slums

Portals

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Geography

Continents

Regions

Countries

Territories

Provinces and states

Canada: Ontario

Counties

Ireland: Kilkenny

Cities

Supranational

European Union

Glossaries

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Geography •

Flags • Medieval land terms • Terms for country subdivisions •

European Union

Indices

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Main index: Geography

Continents

Africa • Antarctica • Asia • Europe • Australia

Political divisions of World, arranged by continent or major geopolitical region:

Africa:

West Africa:

Benin • Burkina Faso • Cape Verde • Côte d'Ivoire • Gambia • Ghana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Liberia • Mali • Mauritania • Nigeria • Senegal

North Africa:

Algeria • Egypt • Libya • Mauritania • Morocco • Tunisia

Central Africa:

Angola • Burundi • Cameroon • Central African Republic • Chad • The Democratic Republic of Congo • Equatorial Guinea • Gabon • Republic of Congo • Rwanda • São Tomé and Príncipe

East Africa:

Burundi • Comoros • Djibouti • Eritrea • Ethiopia • Kenya • Madagascar • Mauritius • Mozambique • Rwanda • Seychelles • Somalia (Somaliland) • Uganda • Zambia • Zimbabwe

Southern Africa:

Botswana • Lesotho • Namibia • South Africa

Antarctica:

Antarctica

Asia:

Central Asia:

Kazakhstan^[1] • Kyrgyzstan • Turkmenistan

East Asia:

China^[2]

Tibet

Hong Kong^[3] • Macau^[4]

Japan

0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Mongolia • Taiwan^[5]

Southeast Asia:^[6]

Brunei • Cambodia^[7] • East Timor (Timor-Leste)^[8] • Indonesia^[9] • Laos • Malaysia • Philippines • Singapore • Vietnam

South Asia:

Bangladesh • Bhutan • Iran • Maldives • Nepal

West Asia:

Armenia^[10] • Azerbaijan^[11] • Bahrain • Cyprus^[12] (including disputed Northern Cyprus) • Georgia^[13] • Israel • Jordan • Kuwait • Oman • Qatar • Saudi Arabia • Syria • Turkey^[14] • United Arab Emirates • Yemen

Caucasus (a region considered to be in both Asia and Europe, or between them)

Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia) • Armenia • Azerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic)

Europe:

Akrotiri and Dhekelia • Åland • Andorra • Armenia • Austria • Azerbaijan • Belarus • Belgium • Croatia • Cyprus • Czech Republic • Denmark • Estonia • Finland • Georgia • Germany • Greece • Guernsey • Hungary • Iceland • Ireland • Italy • Kazakhstan • Liechtenstein • Lithuania • Malta • Moldova (including disputed Transnistria) • Monaco • Portugal • San Marino • Serbia • Spain • Switzerland • Turkey • United Kingdom • Vatican City

Canada

Canadian provinces

Alberta • British Columbia • Newfoundland and Labrador • Nova Scotia • Ontario • Quebec • Saskatchewan

Aboriginal Canadian

Greenland • Mexico • Saint Pierre and Miquelon

United States

U.S. administrative divisions

Alabama • Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Connecticut • Delaware • Florida • Georgia • Hawaii • Idaho • Illinois • Indiana • Iowa • Montana • Kansas • Kentucky • Louisiana • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Mississippi • Missouri • Nebraska • Nevada • New Hampshire • New Jersey • New Mexico • New York (New York City) • North Carolina • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • Pennsylvania • Rhode Island • South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington • West Virginia • Wisconsin • Wyoming

District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)

U.S. counties

African American

Asian American

Central America:

Belize • Costa Rica • El Salvador • Guatemala • Honduras • Nicaragua • Panama

Caribbean:

Anguilla • Antigua and Barbuda • Aruba • Bahamas • Barbados • Bermuda • Cayman Islands • Cuba • Dominica • Dominican Republic • Grenada • Haiti • Jamaica • Montserrat • Netherlands Antilles • Puerto Rico • Saint Barthélemy • Saint Kitts and Nevis • Saint Lucia • Saint Martin • Saint Vincent and the Grenadines • Turks and Caicos Islands • United States Virgin Islands

Oceania: (includes the continent of Australia):

Australasia:^[15]

Australia

Dependencies/Territories of Australia:

Christmas Island^[16] • Cocos (Keeling) Islands •

Melanesia:^[17]

Fiji • Indonesia (Oceanian part only)^[18]

Micronesia:

Federated States of Micronesia • Guam (USA) • Marshall Islands • Nauru • Northern Mariana Islands (USA) • Palau •

Polynesia

American Samoa (USA) • Cook Islands (NZ) French Polynesia (France) • Hawaii (USA) • Tokelau (NZ)

South America:

Argentina • Chile • Colombia • Ecuador • Falkland Islands • Guyana • Paraguay • Peru • Uruguay • Venezuela

South Atlantic:

Ascension Island

^ Kazakhstan is sometimes considered a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.
^ The state is commonly known as simply "China", which is subsumed by the eponymous entity and civilization (China).
^ Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of PRC.
^ Macau is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of PRC.
^ Under the de facto control of Republic of China (ROC) government, commonly referred to as Taiwan. Claimed in whole by the PRC; see political status of Taiwan.
^ Excludes Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia).
^ General Population Census of Cambodia 2008 - Provisional population totals, National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, released 3rd September, 2008
^ East Timor is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania.
^ Indonesia is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania
^ Armenia is sometimes considered a transcontinental country: physiographically in Western Asia, it has historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe.
^ Azerbaijan is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only. Figures include Nakhchivan, an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan bordered by Armenia, Iran, and Turkey.
^ The island of Cyprus is sometimes considered a transcontinental territory: in the Eastern Basin of Mediterranean Sea south of Turkey, it has historical and socio-political connections with Europe. However, the U.N. considers Cyprus to be in Western Asia, while the C.I.A. considers it to be in the Middle East.
^ Georgia is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for the Asian portion only.
^ Turkey is generally considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Southern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only, excluding all of Istanbul.
^ The use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand."
^ Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia.
^ Excludes parts of Indonesia, island territories in Southeast Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.
^ Indonesia is generally considered a territory of Southeastern Asia (UN region); wholly or partially, it is also frequently included in Australasia or Melanesia. Figures include Indonesian portion of New Guinea (Irian Jaya) and Maluku Islands.

Purge cache to show recent changes

[1] Kazakhstan is sometimes considered a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only.

[2] The state is commonly known as simply "China", which is subsumed by the eponymous entity and civilization (China).

[3] Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of PRC.

[4] Macau is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of PRC.

[5] Under the de facto control of Republic of China (ROC) government, commonly referred to as Taiwan. Claimed in whole by the PRC; see political status of Taiwan.

[ccau_one-6] Excludes Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia).

[7] General Population Census of Cambodia 2008 - Provisional population totals, National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, released 3rd September, 2008

[8] East Timor is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania.

[9] Indonesia is often considered a transcontinental country in Southeastern Asia and Oceania

[10] Armenia is sometimes considered a transcontinental country: physiographically in Western Asia, it has historical and sociopolitical connections with Europe.

[11] Azerbaijan is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only. Figures include Nakhchivan, an autonomous exclave of Azerbaijan bordered by Armenia, Iran, and Turkey.

[12] The island of Cyprus is sometimes considered a transcontinental territory: in the Eastern Basin of Mediterranean Sea south of Turkey, it has historical and socio-political connections with Europe. However, the U.N. considers Cyprus to be in Western Asia, while the C.I.A. considers it to be in the Middle East.

[13] Georgia is often considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe; population and area figures are for the Asian portion only.

[14] Turkey is generally considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Southern Europe; population and area figures are for Asian portion only, excluding all of Istanbul.

[Australasia-15] The use and scope of this term varies. The UN designation for this subregion is "Australia and New Zealand."

[ccau_two-16] Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are Australian external territories in the Indian Ocean southwest of Indonesia.

[Melanesia-17] Excludes parts of Indonesia, island territories in Southeast Asia (UN region) frequently reckoned in this region.

[indo-18] Indonesia is generally considered a territory of Southeastern Asia (UN region); wholly or partially, it is also frequently included in Australasia or Melanesia. Figures include Indonesian portion of New Guinea (Irian Jaya) and Maluku Islands.

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